Discover the crown jewel of Czech spa towns, where 13 hot springs have drawn visitors seeking healing and relaxation for over 700 years.
Introduction to Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary, known internationally as Carlsbad, stands as the most renowned spa destination in the Czech Republic. Founded in the 14th century by Emperor Charles IV, legend has it that he discovered the hot springs while hunting deer. Today, this elegant town nestled in the Tepla River valley continues to welcome visitors from around the world with its unique combination of natural healing waters and stunning architecture.
The colorful facades of Karlovy Vary along the Tepla River
The town's thermal springs are remarkable for their high temperatures and mineral content. The most famous, the Vridlo (Hot Spring), shoots water up to 12 meters high at a temperature of 73 degrees Celsius. This geyser produces approximately 2,000 liters of mineral water per minute, making it one of the most powerful thermal springs in Europe.
The Famous Hot Springs
Karlovy Vary features 13 main springs, each with different temperatures and mineral compositions. Visitors traditionally sample the waters from special porcelain drinking cups with built-in straws, a tradition that dates back centuries. The springs are free to access and are housed in several beautiful colonnades throughout the town center.
The Main Springs of Karlovy Vary
Each spring in Karlovy Vary has a unique mineral composition and temperature, traditionally believed to address different health conditions. Here is a comprehensive guide to the main springs:
Vridlo (Hot Spring)
73.4 C
The most powerful spring in Karlovy Vary, located in the Hot Spring Colonnade. This geyser shoots up to 12 meters and is the only spring used for thermal baths. Five different temperature outlets (30-50 degrees) allow visitors to drink the water at their preferred temperature.
Charles IV Spring (Karluv Pramen)
64 C
Named after the town's legendary founder, this spring is located in the Market Colonnade. It was the first spring to be captured for drinking purposes and remains one of the most popular among visitors.
Mill Spring (Mlynsky Pramen)
56 C
Located in the elegant Mill Colonnade, this spring has been used therapeutically since the 16th century. The colonnade itself, designed by architect Josef Zitek, features 124 Corinthian columns and is a masterpiece of Neo-Renaissance architecture.
Garden Spring (Sadovy Pramen)
47.4 C
One of the cooler springs, located near the Military Spa. The lower temperature makes it more palatable for those new to drinking mineral waters. Known for its high iron content.
Historic Colonnades
The colonnades of Karlovy Vary are architectural treasures that shelter the town's precious springs while providing elegant promenades for visitors. Each colonnade has its own distinct character and historical significance.
The majestic Mill Colonnade, a Neo-Renaissance masterpiece
Mill Colonnade (Mlynska Kolonada)
Built between 1871-1881, this is the largest and most impressive colonnade in Karlovy Vary. The 132-meter-long structure houses five mineral springs and features 124 Corinthian columns. Designed by Josef Zitek, who also created the National Theatre in Prague, it represents the pinnacle of Czech Neo-Renaissance architecture.
Hot Spring Colonnade (Vridel Kolonada)
The modern glass and concrete structure completed in 1975 houses the famous Vridlo geyser. While its functionalist architecture contrasts with the historic buildings, it provides an impressive viewing space for the powerful hot spring display.
Market Colonnade (Trzni Kolonada)
This white wooden colonnade, built in 1883, features Swiss chalet-style architecture with delicate carved ornamentation. Originally intended as a temporary structure, its popularity ensured its preservation. It shelters the Charles IV Spring and Market Spring.
Park Colonnade (Sadova Kolonada)
The oldest surviving colonnade structure, this elegant cast-iron pavilion dates from 1881. Its delicate wrought-iron work and painted decorations make it one of the most photogenic spots in town.
Spa Treatments and Therapies
Karlovy Vary's spa tradition extends far beyond simply drinking the mineral waters. The town's numerous spa hotels and treatment centers offer comprehensive wellness programs that combine traditional methods with modern therapeutic approaches.
Traditional Drinking Cure
The foundation of Karlovy Vary's therapeutic approach is the drinking cure (pitna kura). Visitors sample waters from different springs according to a prescribed regime, typically three times daily before meals. The mineral waters are believed to support digestive health, metabolism, and overall wellness.
Thermal Bath Treatments
Water from the Vridlo spring is used for thermal baths, which help relax muscles, improve circulation, and provide relief from joint conditions. Treatments are conducted at controlled temperatures and typically last 15-20 minutes.
Carbon Dioxide Baths
These unique treatments use natural carbon dioxide dissolved in warm water. The CO2 is absorbed through the skin, helping to improve blood circulation and cardiovascular function. Sessions typically last 15-20 minutes.
Health Consultation Recommended
While the mineral waters are generally safe for most visitors to sample, those with specific health conditions should consult with spa physicians before beginning any treatment program. Many spa hotels offer initial medical consultations as part of their packages.
Practical Visitor Information
Getting to Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary is located approximately 130 kilometers west of Prague. Several transportation options are available:
By Bus: Regular Student Agency/RegioJet buses depart from Prague Florenc station, with journey time around 2 hours. This is often the most convenient option.
By Train: Czech Railways operates services from Prague main station, though the route requires a change and takes approximately 3 hours.
By Car: The drive takes about 1.5 hours via the D6 motorway, with paid parking available throughout the town center.
By Air: Karlovy Vary Airport offers limited international connections, primarily to Moscow and seasonal charter flights.
Best Time to Visit
Karlovy Vary is a year-round destination, but each season offers different experiences:
Spring (April-June): Mild weather, blooming gardens, and fewer tourists make this an ideal time for spa treatments.
Summer (July-August): The famous Karlovy Vary International Film Festival takes place in early July, drawing celebrities and film enthusiasts.
Autumn (September-October): Beautiful fall colors in the surrounding forests, pleasant walking weather, and the harvest season.
Winter (November-March): Quieter atmosphere, Christmas markets in December, and special rates at many spa hotels.
Local Specialties
Beyond the healing waters, Karlovy Vary is famous for several local products:
Becherovka: This herbal liqueur was invented here in 1807 and is sometimes called "the 13th spring" for its digestive properties.
Spa Wafers (Oplatky): Thin, crispy wafers filled with sweet fillings have been a local specialty since the 19th century.
Moser Glass: The famous Moser glassworks, founded in 1857, produces world-renowned crystal.
